Reproductive function and variability, as viewed through a life history perspective, remain a vibrant area of interest within human biology research. Emerging data on the biomarkers of ovarian reserve, defined as the capacity of the ovary to produce viable oocytes, allow for a better understanding of female fecundity across the reproductive life span and may shed light on the competing energetic demands of reproduction and immune function. Limitations exist in current knowledge of the biological interaction between chronic inflammation and ovarian reserve. To test the effect of chronic inflammation on ovarian reserve, we employ multivariate regression analysis using secondary data from a subset of participants derived from the total study enrollment of 843 nonpregnant, cycling women between the ages of 30 and 44. The Time to Conceive Study was a prospective observational cohort study of women attempting pregnancy in central North Carolina. We use three biomarkers of ovarian reserve, FSH, inhibin B, and AMH, a biomarker of chronic inflammation, CRP, and survey data to test the association between chronic inflammation and ovarian reserve, controlling for body mass index, smoking, and age. Based on a life history framework, we hypothesized that higher levels of chronic inflammation are associated with lower ovarian reserve due to the disruption of reproductive function and oocyte regulation due to the inflammatory response. Our results suggest that further research is needed to explore how the energetic relationship between ovarian reserve and chronic inflammation may be altered by the socio-ecological environment.